Between The Algorithm
Introduction
Emerging technology, including artificial intelligence, is transforming society at a speed never before experienced, which presents short term ethical concerns about privacy, bias, responsibility, and the character of work. Whether it is the automation of work, AI for law enforcement, the healthcare sector, or the creative sector, technological innovation comes with promise as well as danger. The more AI becomes part of our daily life, the more complex are the ethical dimensions of its invention and deployment.
This open syllabus is an interdisciplinary approach to primary and secondary sources in order to support a general reader in critical reflection regarding the ethical dilemmas of AI and automation. Harking back to history, philosophy, the social sciences, as well as the present, the syllabus presents a template for working through the broader societal stakes of AI. Over eight weeks, students will work through how AI is changing the world, the ethical problems it creates, and how it can be made to benefit the greater good. Each week will cover a different topic in AI ethics, combining canonical texts with contemporary debate in order to provide a balanced understanding.
Week 1: Foundations – Understanding AI and Ethics
Introduce the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) and the ethical frameworks used to evaluate its impact on society.
Primary Source:
- UNESCO. "Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence." UNESCO, 2021. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics
Secondary Sources:
- Sandel, Michael J. "Ethical Issues in the Age of Artificial Intelligence." Harvard Gazette, 2020. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/10/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role/
- "Ethics of Artificial Intelligence." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/ethics-of-artificial-intelligence/
- "What is AI Ethics?" IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-ethics
Week 2: Algorithmic Bias and Discrimination
how AI systems can perpetuate biases and discrimination, affecting fairness and equality in various sectors.
Primary Source:
- "Worldwide AI Ethics: A Review of 200 Guidelines and Recommendations." National Library of Medicine, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10591196/
Secondary Sources:
- "Artificial Intelligence: Examples of Ethical Dilemmas." UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics/cases
- "Ethical AI for Teaching and Learning." Cornell University Center for Teaching Innovation. https://teaching.cornell.edu/generative-artificial-intelligence/ethical-ai-teaching-and-learning
- "Handle Top 12 AI Ethics Dilemmas with Real-life Examples." AI Multiple, 2023. https://research.aimultiple.com/ai-ethics/
Week 3: AI and Privacy – Who Controls Our Data?
The implications of AI on privacy, focusing on data collection, consent, and surveillance issues.
Primary Source:
- "Ethical Concerns Mount as AI Takes Bigger Decision-Making Role." Harvard Gazette, 2020. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/10/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role/
Secondary Sources:
- "Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-ai/
- "AI Ethics: What It Is, Why It Matters, and More." Coursera, 2023. https://www.coursera.org/articles/ai-ethics
- "The State of AI Ethics Report (Volume 4)." arXiv, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09060
Week 4: Automation and the Future of Work
how automation and AI are transforming the workforce, including job displacement and the evolution of work.
Primary Source:
- Davies, Dan. "Why Do Companies Make Terrible Decisions?" Financial Times, 2025. https://www.ft.com/content/b6a0cfd7-690a-445a-adfb-920855b547cb
Secondary Sources:
- "The Regulation of AI: Secondary Sources." Ave Maria School of Law, 2023. https://avemarialaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1327901&p=9789869
- "The Uselessness of AI Ethics." AI and Ethics, 2022. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43681-022-00209-w
- "The State of AI Ethics Report (October 2020)." arXiv, 2020. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.02787
Week 5: AI in Warfare and Policing
Examine the ethical implications of deploying AI in military and law enforcement contexts, focusing on autonomous weapons, surveillance, and the balance between security and civil liberties.
Primary Source:
- Davis, Jeremy. "The Ethics of AI in Warfare." Naval Postgraduate School, 2021. https://nps.edu/documents/110773463/135759179/Ethics%2Band%2BInsights%2BThe%2BEthics%2Bof%2BAI%2Bin%2BWarfare.pdf/dfa0271f-1b93-9495-69a3-fa160ebb2f77?t=1652136179368
Secondary Sources:
- "The Ethics of Robots in War." Army University Press, 2024. https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/NCO-Journal/Archives/2024/February/The-Ethics-of-Robots-in-War/
- "Ethics, Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Policing." The Security Distillery, 2021. https://thesecuritydistillery.org/all-articles/ethics-artificial-intelligence-and-predictive-policing
- "Ethical AI in Law Enforcement: Navigating the Balance Between Innovation and Responsibility." Police1, 2024. https://www.police1.com/investigations/ethical-ai-in-law-enforcement-navigating-the-balance-between-innovation-and-responsibility
Week 6: Regulating AI – Who Holds AI Accountable?
Discuss the challenges and strategies in regulating AI technologies, including policy development, ethical guidelines, and the roles of various stakeholders in ensuring accountability.
Primary Source:
- "Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence." UNESCO, 2021. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics
Secondary Sources:
- "The Regulation of AI: Secondary Sources." Ave Maria School of Law, 2023. https://avemarialaw.libguides.com/c.php?g=1327901&p=9789869
- "The Uselessness of AI Ethics." AI and Ethics, 2022. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43681-022-00209-w
- "The State of AI Ethics Report (October 2020)." arXiv, 2020. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.02787
Week 7: AI and Creativity – The Role of AI in Art, Music, and Writing
Explore the intersection of AI and creativity, assessing how AI-generated content impacts traditional notions of authorship, originality, and the creative process.
Primary Source:
- Flick, Catherine, and Kyle Worrall. "The Ethics of Creative AI." In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 2020. https://liedra.net/misc/Flick_Worrall-Ethics_of_Creative_AI.pdf
Secondary Sources:
- Holitschke, Stefan. "The Ethics of Using AI for Creativity: Opportunities and Challenges." LinkedIn, 2023. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ethics-using-ai-creativity-opportunities-challenges-stefan-holitschke
- "AI, Creativity, and Regulation: The Three Big Questions We Need Answered." Adobe Blog, 2025. https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2025/02/05/ai-creativity-and-regulation-the-three-big-questions-we-need-answered
- "Artificial Intelligence: Examples of Ethical Dilemmas." UNESCO, 2023. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics/cases
Week 8: The Future of AI – What Comes Next?
As AI continues to evolve, it raises questions about its long-term societal impact. Will AI surpass human intelligence? Can it be aligned with human values? This week examines expert predictions, potential risks, and the ethical considerations surrounding AI's future.
Primary Source:
- "The State of AI Ethics Report (Volume 4)." arXiv, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09060
Secondary Sources:
- "Ethical AI for Teaching and Learning." Cornell University Center for Teaching Innovation, 2023. https://teaching.cornell.edu/generative-artificial-intelligence/ethical-ai-teaching-and-learning
- Tegmark, Max. Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Knopf, 2017.
- "The Future of AI: Risks and Opportunities." Harvard Gazette, 2022. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/04/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/
Week 9: AI and Human Enhancement – The Ethics of Cyborg Technology
Overview: AI is increasingly integrated into human bodies, from brain-computer interfaces to AI-powered prosthetics. This week explores the ethical implications of AI-driven human enhancement, including concerns about accessibility, identity, and the potential for social inequality.
Primary Source:
- Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Secondary Sources:
- Dvorsky, George. "The Ethics of AI-Human Integration." Gizmodo, 2022. https://gizmodo.com/the-ethics-of-ai-human-integration-1849365373
- Farahany, Nita. The Battle for Your Brain: Defending the Right to Think Freely in the Age of Neurotechnology. St. Martin’s Press, 2023.
- "Ethics and AI in Human Enhancement." World Economic Forum, 2021. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/human-enhancement-ai-ethics/
Week 10: AI and Environmental Sustainability
Overview: While AI has the potential to combat climate change and promote sustainability, its energy consumption and environmental footprint raise concerns. This final week examines the role AI plays in both solving and contributing to environmental issues.
Primary Source:
- Rolnick, David et al. "Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning." arXiv, 2019. https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05433
Secondary Sources:
- "How AI Can Help Fight Climate Change." MIT Technology Review, 2023. https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/05/ai-climate-change-solutions/
- "The Carbon Footprint of AI: How Big Tech’s AI Models Affect the Environment." Nature Sustainability, 2022. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00902-2
- "Green AI: Developing Sustainable AI Technologies." Stanford AI Lab, 2021. https://ai.stanford.edu/blog/green-ai/
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